. Similarly, males were twice as likely to be subjected to violence from a stranger (1.3%) than females (0.6%)[footnote 11][footnote 12]. Youth custody data for December 2015 published. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a larger proportion of young males (14%) had been permanently excluded compared to young females (10%). This aligns with the differences in the types of offence males and females were typically prosecuted for, as discussed in Chapter 8: Offence Analysis. Of the 62,800 offenders released from prison sentences in 2019, 91% were male and 9% female. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. , Analysis of attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. , Proven reoffending statistics are reported based on cohorts of offenders who are released from custody, received a non-custodial conviction at court, or received a caution within a three-month period. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN with a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 106] and 2014/15 [footnote 107](2% for young females and 5% for young males). , The data in this section relates to persons remanded in each completed court case rather than to the number of remand decisions (a person may be remanded several times during a case). Figure 5.03: Number of defendants proceeded against at magistrates courts, by offence type and sex, 2015 to 2019. The number of individuals formally dealt with by the CJS includes defendants prosecuted at magistrates court and individuals given a caution or Penalty Notice for Disorder (PND). The disparity in convictions for these offences may reflect the fact that females make up a slightly larger proportion of benefit claimants[footnote 118]. As with PNDs, a larger proportion of female offenders were cautioned for theft offences (19% compared to 10% for males) whereas a larger proportion of male offenders were cautioned for drug offences (27% compared to 13% for females). The disposal where there was the greatest difference between genders was for fines. Compared to males, a higher proportion of females reported: self-declared mental health problems, physical disability, having drug and alcohol problems, money worries and housing worries. 2% of crime lower legal aid clients had an unstated sex. The greater tendency for female first time offenders to be cautioned or convicted for theft aligns with trends for offenders more generally, as discussed in Chapter 4: Police Activity. In addition, the annual report from the Head of Profession to the National Statistician will: Provide information on how many revisions were required to our publications and the reasons for these. In 2019, prosecutions by age distribution of males and female defendants was broadly similar, with the majority of defendants concentrated between the ages of 18 and 59. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. , Out of court disposals available to the police and CPS in 2019 included: simple and conditional cautions; cannabis and khat warnings; penalty notices for disorder (PNDs); and community resolutions. The largest percentage difference is for drug offences which have a median offence to completion that is 47% higher (49 days) for females in comparison to males. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Figure 7.03: Average Custodial Sentence Lengths (ACSL) for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. Figure 7.11: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of persistent absence, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.4). This is largely due to the introduction of the offence of assaulting an emergency worker in 2018, for which 3,300 females were prosecuted in 2019. Youth Custody report for June 2013 published. Of those sentenced, a consistently higher proportion of female offenders were fined and had a lower average fine than male offenders over the last 5 years. The most common sentence for summary benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 45% of females and 58% of males convicted for this offence in 2019. Youth custody data for April 2018 published. It is our intention to develop and test a new methodology that maintains our high professional standards and ensures that accurate, consistent series are available to all. Youth custody report November 2017 and youth custody data for November 2017 published. , 2% of adults identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. In contrast to what is seen for police and magistrates courts remand, females consistently had a higher proportion than males to be bailed at the Crown Court. The representation of females among HMPPS staff (excluding NPS)[footnote 122] has increased over the last five years, from 39% to 42%. In 2019, females accounted for the highest proportion of Local Authority prosecutions for the first time since 2016. Overall, over half of young offenders sentenced or cautioned in the matched cohort had SEN without a statement, 61% for young females and 60% for young males. , Court outcomes figures split by sex and ethnicity is limited to indictable offences where is a robust proportion with known ethnicity. Following changes to the administrative systems at the Crown Court that completed in September 2019, estimates of defendants representation status at the Crown Court are not available for this release. The only exceptions are when we are deliberately discussing all aged offenders. Figure 5.09: The level of concordance between sentences proposed and outcomes for female and male offenders, by sentence type, 2019[footnote 56]. Crime lower covers work carried out by legal aid providers regarding police station advice, magistrates court work and prison law. , In some cases, such as in the prison population, the age band for children is defined differently. This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics, fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending, fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater proportion of women managed in the community successfully; and. Britain has the highest proportion of fatherless families (2 million) of any major European country. Statistics show that women are awarded child custody in nearly 90 percent of all cases. In 2019, 13% of females were cautioned or convicted as first time offenders for theft offences, compared with 7% of males. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. Youth custody report for October 2015 published. Data is not available for Community Rehabilitation Companies. As at 30 June 2019, 15% of females and 6% of males were serving sentences of less than 12 months. Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 states that: The Secretary of State shall in each year publish such information as they consider expedient for the purpose of facilitating the performance of those engaged in the administration of justice to avoid discriminating against any persons on the ground of race or sex or any other improper ground. In 2019, 341,000 females (26%) and 968,000 (74%) males were formally dealt with by the CJS, either by an out of court disposal (OOCD) or court proceedings. Females had a higher cautioning rate for indictable offences (20%) and a lower rate for summary offences (4%) compared to males (14% and 9% respectively) in 2019. A 2.6 pp increase over the last five years brought female representation among in-post police officers up to 31% in 2019. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. The statistics reported in this bulletin are primarily National Statistics[footnote 1], as drawn from either other published National Statistics bulletins or the data underpinning them. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019. If we become concerned about whether these statistics are still meeting the appropriate standards, we will discuss any concerns with the Authority promptly. Figure 5.05: Crime lower legal aid workload by sex and legal aid category, 2019. A contributing factor is the greater availability of females when an enforcement officer visits the home[footnote 116]. This can be explained by a 7% rise for females and a 4% fall for males between 2018 and 2019. Figure 8.02 Change in female prosecutions for indictable offences, by offence group England and Wales, 2015 to 2019, Figure 8.02: Summary offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. , See technical guide for more information on what this service covers. Figure 6.03: Number of Self-harm individuals in prison per 1,000 prisoners by sex, 2015 to 2019. Overall personal crime rates continue to decrease from 2015/16. The most common sentence for indictable benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 51% of females and 53% of males sentenced in 2019. , In this chapter, children refers to those aged 10 to 15 unless stated otherwise. Personal crime is defined by the CSEW as comprising of all violence and thefts. , A single individual (includes people and companies) can be counted more than once in a year if they are dealt with by the CJS on more than one occasion. These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). [A pupil may be excluded for one or more fixed periods up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year. Figure 5.01: The journey of males and females through the CJS, 2019. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. , Individuals self-harming rates are derived by 1,000 x (number of individual in year)/(average monthly population for year). Males were serving longer custodial sentence length. , The detailed results of the survey can be found in the offenders under supervision or in custody tables. Over a three-year timeseries, a larger proportion of males aged 16-59 had experienced only one form of abuse in the last year (84.6%) compared to females the same age (77.9%)[footnote 18]. Of all ethnic groups, both White female and White male offenders had the highest conviction ratios[footnote 72] for indictable offences at 84% and 85%, respectively, a trend that has remained broadly stable since 2015. The other ethnic groups all had the same custody rate of 35%. In fact, statistics are frequently cited that suggest around 90% of women are awarded custody, but they also fail to show that 60% of men get custody in a contested cases. Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). Once in prison, females generally reported a better experience when: on arrival, on the first night, induction and life on the wing. Newport, UK: Office for National Statistics. In 2019, the proportion of children prosecuted for indictable offences that were females was 10%. , Monthly Youth Custody Official Statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are published by the Youth Custody Service. Large figures are generally presented rounded to the nearest thousand, and percentages to the nearest percentage point in the bulletin text (or however is most appropriate). A decrease in prosecutions was also seen for Class B drug offences (1,000 fewer), benefit fraud (1,500 fewer) and absconding from bail (1,200 fewer). , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16. Isn't It Gender Discrimination? Report and data for March 2018 published. Reported in the Judicial Diversity Statistics 2020 publication, the quoted figures cover all court judges, i.e. Data are also provided on a trend basis dating back to 2000 to 2001 and 2005 to 2006 onwards for more detailed data. Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. The majority (85%) of arrests continue to be accounted for by males in 2019/20. The relative proportion of male and female victims has remained consistent over the last five years[footnote 20]. , Questions on the offence category Causing sexual activity without consent were removed from the CSEW 2019/20, therefore the total category of any sexual assault (including attempts) no longer includes this category. , Lancashire Constabulary and Greater Manchester Police were unable to supply complete data for 2018/19 and for 2019/20 respectively. The Authority considers whether the statistics meet the highest standards of Code compliance, including the value they add to public decisions and debate. Figure 8.01: The proportion of male and female offenders prosecuted for each offence group, England and Wales, 2019. Youth custody data for June 2017 published. In 2019, fines were the most common sentence given to both male and female offenders sentenced at all courts, but females typically had less severe sentencing outcomes. Between 2015 and 2019, female children saw the largest decline, a decrease of 35% in prosecutions, compared to a 29% decrease for male children that were prosecuted over the same period. Little is known, however, about child custody evaluators beliefs, background, knowledge about domestic violence, and other factors that may shape their recommendations1 regarding custody and parent-child visitation arrangements. TV licence evasion was the most common offence for which females were convicted in 2019. Among young males who were dealt with by a suspended sentence, 82% had a record of fixed period exclusion, compared to 59% of young females; a 24 percentage point difference. They are awarded National Statistics status following an assessment by the Authoritys regulatory arm. This is particularly true in relation to the most serious offence types and sentences, though patterns by sex vary between individual offences. In 2019, the highest level of concordance (excluding suspended sentence orders) for both males and females was in custodial sentences, at 89% for males and 79% for females[footnote 55]. Mental health needs were higher for young females, the majority of which were for emotional and behavioural issues, affecting 31% of females and 18% of males. The proportions of female practitioners vary across the CJS organisations (Figure 9.01)[footnote 121]. This total includes exclusions from previous schools covered by the exclusion legislation.] Therefore, to ensure comparability with previous years, these police forces are excluded from arrests analyses. In 2018/19, a total of 85,900[footnote 28] adults engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which just over a fifth (21%) were females which is a higher proportion than those arrested (please see arrests section of this chapter). In the most recent year, females had a higher average number of reoffences per reoffender (also known as the frequency rate) compared to males, at 4.33 and 3.99, respectively. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics, differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation, but should not be taken as evidence of unequal treatments or as direct effects of sex. Higher proportions of females in contact with liaison and diversion services were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, had financial needs and were abuse victims. In 2018, the Ministry of Justice published the Female Offender Strategy, which sets out the departments vision and plan to improve outcomes for women in the community and custody. In 2017, the national average paid in child support to custodial parents amounted to $3,431 per year. , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all sentencing outcomes. The proportion of young offenders with SEN without a statement across each disposal (except fine) was slightly higher for young female offenders, particularly for custodial sentences. This is reflected in the higher proportion of females remanded in custody who were sentenced to immediate custody at magistrates court, 17% in 2019 compared to 13% for males. The majority (95%) of the prison population were male. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. The majority of female homicides took place in or around a house/dwelling (71%), whereas only 39% of male homicides took place here. Figure 5.08: Median number of days from offence to completion, by offence group and sex, 2019. Males were significantly more likely to fall victim to violence and robbery compared to females, with a significant increase in male robbery victims since 2017/18. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a smaller proportion of young males (80%) had a record of persistent absence compared to young females (85%). A fixed period exclusion can involve a part of the school day and it does not have to be for a continuous period. Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Fieldwork for the year to March 2020 was suspended two weeks early on Wednesday the 18th March 2020, just prior to the lockdown restrictions being announced by the Government on the 23rd March 2020.
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